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Kang Youwei (Chinese: 康有為; Cantonese: Hōng Yáuh-wàih; 19 March 1858 – 31 March 1927) was a political thinker and reformer in China of the late Qing dynasty. His increasing closeness to and influence over the young Guangxu Emperor sparked conflict between the emperor and his adoptive mother, the regent Empress Dowager Cixi .
A Study of Confucius as a Reformer of Institutions [2] or On Confucius as a Reformer [3] (Chinese: 孔子改制考), also translated as A Study of Kongzi as a Reformer, [4] A Study of Confucius as Reformist, [5] is a book written by Kang Youwei that preaches the idea of "changing the institutions based on the teachings of the old times" (托古改制). [6]
Elements of the Qing government were sufficiently alarmed to permit Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao to propose reforms to Emperor Guangxu; Guangxu agreed. [7] Some of Kang's students were also given minor but strategic posts in the capital to assist with the reforms. The goals of these reforms included: Abolishing the traditional examination ...
Kang wrote the book to attack conservative political opponents in the Qing dynasty and support the case for reforms. The Old Text School was the orthodox Confucian interpretation in government, and used by conservatives to justify resistance to reforms. [1] Kang was accused of misrepresenting the Old Text School, and plagiarizing Liao Ping. [5]
In 1898, the Guangxu Emperor turned to reformers like Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao who offered a program inspired in large part by the reforms in Japan. They proposed basic reform in education, military, and economy in the so-called Hundred Days' Reform. [4] The reform was abruptly canceled by a conservative coup led by Empress Dowager Cixi. [5]
Kang Youwei managed to escape to Japan, and he also spread stories to vilify Cixi. Jung Chang wrote that Kang Youwei was a "master propagandist". [8] The six were beheaded in the following order: Kang Guangren (康广仁), Tan Sitong, Lin Xu, Yang Shenxiu (杨深秀), Yang Rui (杨锐), and Liu Guangdi. [9]
On August 9, 1898, Kang Youwei petitioned the Guangxu Emperor to legislate newspaper regulations based on foreign legal systems. During the Hundred Days' Reform, the emperor issued more than 180 edicts, recognising the legitimacy of both private and official newspapers and permitting public petitions through the press. This briefly allowed some ...
Members of the Chinese Empire Reform Association in Canada in 1903. The Chinese Empire Reform Association (Chinese: 保救大清皇帝會; lit. 'Society to Protect the Emperor of the Great Qing'), or Baohuang Hui (Chinese: 保皇會) in short, was an organization formed in Victoria, British Columbia and active mostly outside of China that intended to support Guangxu’s return to power in the ...