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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths directly or indirectly caused by the deadliest wars in history. These numbers encompass the deaths of military personnel resulting directly from battles or other wartime actions, as well as wartime or war-related civilian deaths, often caused by war-induced epidemics , famines , or genocides .
The following is a list of the casualties count in battles or offensives in world history. ... First Crusade: 11,000 4,000 Siege of Ma'arra: 1098 First Crusade: 45,000
The need for the crusade ended with Markward's death in 1202. [278] [279] [280] Papal Quarrel with John Lackland 1208 The conflict between John of England and Innocent III that led to John's excommunication has been referred to as a crusade. [281] [282] Political Crusade in England 1215–1217
Many other crusades were launched through time for various reasons and motives. Jerusalem remained in Christian hands for almost a century until the crusaders were defeated by Saladin at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, and three months later, the last defenders were expelled from the city. [ 10 ]
Robert Chazan's In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews provides details as to the changes made in Jewish/Christian relations resulting from the First Crusade. He focuses on whether or not the crusades really had a salient impact on the Jews of the time and in the future, pointing out that persecution was nothing new to them, yet also ...
Alexios V Doukas (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Δούκας; died December 1204), Latinized as Alexius V Ducas, was Byzantine emperor from February to April 1204, just prior to the sack of Constantinople by the participants of the Fourth Crusade.
The Northern Crusades [1] ... After Albert's death in 1229, the crusaders secured the peaceful submission of Vanemane (a county with a mixed Livonian, ...