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Dental anesthesia (or dental anaesthesia) is the application of anesthesia to dentistry. It includes local anesthetics , sedation , and general anesthesia. Local anesthetic agents in dentistry
Topical anesthetics are available by prescription or over-the-counter. They are available in sprays, dental paste, dental gels, lozenges, ointments and solutions. Anbesol, Chloraseptic, Orajel and Xylocaine are examples of available anesthetics over-the-counter. Some medications are also given in order to control plaque and gingivitis.
Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [8] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [11] [8] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [9] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [12]
lidocaine [12] [13] (lignocaine) Xylocaine 1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist) 1947 (Torsten Gordh) mepivacaine: Carbocaine, Polocaine 1956 (Ekenstam and Egner) 1957 (Dhuner) meprylcaine: Epirocain metabutoxycaine: nitracaine: Ester- Aminobenzoic orthocaine: oxetacaine (oxethazaine) oxybuprocaine: benoxinate, Novesine Paraethoxycaine [14 ...
Inferior alveolar nerve block (abbreviated to IANB, and also termed inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia or inferior dental block) is a nerve block technique which induces anesthesia (numbness) in the areas of the mouth and face innervated by one of the inferior alveolar nerves which are paired on the left and right side.
However, there is no evidence to support the use of articaine over lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. [13] Furthermore, articaine has been demonstrated to be superior to lidocaine for use of supplementary infiltration following persistent pain despite a successful inferior dental nerve block with lidocaine. [14]
Topical anesthesia (surface) - Similar to topical gel numbing before getting injected with Lidocaine. Infiltration; Plexus block; Adverse effects depend on the local anesthetic method and site of administration discussed in depth in the local anesthetic sub-article, but overall, adverse effects can be:
Local anaesthetic is used routinely for dental procedures in oral surgery, restorative, periodontal, and prosthetic dentistry. Infiltration injections are a safe and effective method for dealing with daily dental procedures and dental pain. [4] Nevertheless, some complications can arise from infiltrations.