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Stochastic approximation methods are a family of iterative methods typically used for root-finding problems or for optimization problems. The recursive update rules of stochastic approximation methods can be used, among other things, for solving linear systems when the collected data is corrupted by noise, or for approximating extreme values of functions which cannot be computed directly, but ...
The process that led to the algorithm recognizes several important steps. In 1931, Andrei Kolmogorov introduced the differential equations corresponding to the time-evolution of stochastic processes that proceed by jumps, today known as Kolmogorov equations (Markov jump process) (a simplified version is known as master equation in the natural sciences).
Stochastic gradient descent competes with the L-BFGS algorithm, [citation needed] which is also widely used. Stochastic gradient descent has been used since at least 1960 for training linear regression models, originally under the name ADALINE. [25] Another stochastic gradient descent algorithm is the least mean squares (LMS) adaptive filter.
In probability theory, a martingale is a sequence of random variables (i.e., a stochastic process) for which, at a particular time, the conditional expectation of the next value in the sequence is equal to the present value, regardless of all prior values. Stopped Brownian motion is an example of a martingale. It can model an even coin-toss ...
A stochastic simulation is a simulation of a system that has variables that can change stochastically (randomly) with individual probabilities. [ 1 ] Realizations of these random variables are generated and inserted into a model of the system.
The term stochastic process first appeared in English in a 1934 paper by Joseph Doob. [60] For the term and a specific mathematical definition, Doob cited another 1934 paper, where the term stochastischer Prozeß was used in German by Aleksandr Khinchin, [63] [64] though the German term had been used earlier, for example, by Andrei Kolmogorov ...
Stochastic computing performs this operation using probability instead of arithmetic. Specifically, suppose that there are two random, independent bit streams called stochastic number s (i.e. Bernoulli processes ), where the probability of a 1 in the first stream is p {\displaystyle p} , and the probability in the second stream is q ...
Stochastic optimization (SO) are optimization methods that generate and use random variables. For stochastic optimization problems, the objective functions or constraints are random. Stochastic optimization also include methods with random iterates .