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Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła; Ukrainian: Опера́ція «Ві́сла») was the codename for the 1947 forced resettlement of close to 150,000 Ukrainians (including Rusyns, Boykos, and Lemkos) from the southeastern provinces of postwar Poland to the Recovered Territories in the west of the country.
The Vistula–Oder offensive (Russian: Висло-Одерская операция, romanized: Vislo–Oderskaya operatsiya) was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front in the European theatre of World War II in January 1945. The army made a major advance into German-held territory, capturing Kraków, Warsaw and Poznań.
The Operation Vistula, carried out by the Polish communist authorities, effectively dispersed and weakened the Ukrainian guerrillas on the territories of modern-day Poland, [147] although after 1945 the main units of the UPA fought the Soviets in the west areas of the Soviet Ukraine and its commanders regarded Poland as a peripheral field of ...
The Polish side has made steps towards reconciliation; in 2002 President Aleksander Kwaśniewski expressed regret over the resettlement program, known as Operation Vistula: "The infamous Operation Vistula is a symbol of the abominable deeds perpetrated by the communist authorities against Polish citizens of Ukrainian origin."
Forced Relocations (Operation Vistula): The Lemkos have faced severe persecution in the 20th century, including mass deportations. A major example was Operation Vistula in 1947, when Poland’s communist regime, with Moscow’s tacit backing, forcibly resettled the Lemko people from their ancestral homes in the Carpathian region.
As the subject matter of the anti-Polish action in Volhynia and Eastern Galica was prohibited, in Polish popular remembrance of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), the site of the mass killings was transferred to Bieszczady and Eastern Lubelszczyzna; and thus communists were able to portray Operation Vistula as the only effective way of ...
The new Army Group Vistula (Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler), conducted Operation Solstice, a counter-attack, but this had failed by 24 February. [18] [19] The Red Army then drove on to Pomerania, clearing the right bank of the Oder River, thereby reaching into Silesia. [17] In the south, Soviet and Romanian forces conducted the Siege of ...
After World War II, the UPA fought Soviet and Polish government forces. In 1947, in Operation Vistula, the Polish government deported 140,000 Ukrainians as part of the population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine. [38] Soviet forces killed 153,000, arrested 134,000, and deported 203,000 UPA members, relatives, and supporters.