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The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) [a] was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont , France under the command of then-Major General John J. Pershing .
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF; / ˈ ʃ eɪ f / SHAYF) was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces in northwest Europe, from late 1943 until the end of World War II. US General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the commander in SHAEF throughout its existence.
During World War I it was designated the 84th Division, American Expeditionary Forces; during World War II it was known as the 84th Infantry Division. From 1946 to 1952, the division was a part of the United States Army Reserve as the 84th Airborne Division. In 1959, the division was reorganized and redesignated once more as the 84th Division.
The Services of Supply (SOS) of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was established under the designation "Line of Communications," on July 5, 1917. [ 1 ] : 11–13 The Line of Communications was judged by senior officers, including Colonel Johnson Hagood , who was in charge of the advance section, to be incompetent. [ 2 ]
American losses were worsened by the inexperience of many of the troops, the tactics used during the early phases of the operation, and the widespread onset of the global influenza outbreak called the "Spanish flu." The offensive was the principal engagement of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War I.
Operation Torch—the invasion of French North Africa—involving the 9th, 3rd Infantry and the 2nd Armored Divisions, initiated on 8 November 1942, was the first ground combat operations for the United States in the European theater of World War II. [6]
American soldiers from the 31st Infantry marching near Vladivostok Russia April 27, 1919. The American Expeditionary Force, Siberia (AEF in Siberia) was a formation of the United States Army involved in the Russian Civil War in Vladivostok, Russia, after the October Revolution, from 1918 to 1920.
Polar Bear Memorial at White Chapel Cemetery in Troy, Michigan. The American Expeditionary Force, North Russia (AEF in North Russia) (also known as the Polar Bear Expedition) was a contingent of about 5,000 United States Army troops [1] that landed in Arkhangelsk, Russia as part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War.