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In lungfish and tetrapods, the renal portal vein is joined by a vein traveling upwards from the abdominal vein, [4] which can bring venous blood from the hind limbs and ventral body wall into the renal portal system, or alternatively, enable blood from the tail and groin to pass into the hepatic portal system, already served by blood from the gut, via the hepatic portal vein, and from the hind ...
The kidney is well supplied with lymphatic vessels, [114] which remove excess fluid with substances and macromolecules dissolved in it from the interstitium that fills the space between the tubules and blood vessels. [115] [116] The anatomy of the lymphatic system of the kidney is similar between mammals. [117]
[67] [3] The medulla of the each lobule is shaped like a cone, and, unlike mammals, it is not subdivided into the inner and outer regions, while structurally it is similar to the outer medulla of the mammalian kidney. [67] In the avian kidney, the renal pelvis is absent, [82] and each lobule has a separate branch to the ureter. [3]
Diagram of the digestive system of a cat. The digestion system of cats begins with their sharp teeth and abrasive tongue papillae, which help them tear meat, which is most, if not all, of their diet. Cats naturally do not have a diet high in carbohydrates, and therefore, their saliva does not contain the enzyme amylase. [31]
The human hepatic portal system delivers about three-fourths of the blood going to the liver.The final common pathway for transport of venous blood from spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and the abdominal portion of the gastrointestinal tract [2] (with the exception of the inferior part of the anal canal and sigmoid colon) is through the hepatic portal vein.
Cats can tolerate transplantation from unrelated cats, but must be supported with immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their lives. When the transplanted kidney is implanted in the recipient the original kidneys are usually left in place. [1] There are currently ten centers in the world that offer kidney transplants for cats. Most are in the US.
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In mammals, an elegant rete mirabile in the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli is important in maintaining the hypertonicity of the renal medulla. It is the hypertonicity of this zone, resorbing water osmotically from the renal collecting ducts as they exit the kidney , that makes possible the excretion of a hypertonic urine and ...