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The growing trade between Turkey and Iran indicates the two countries’ willingness to strengthen mutual ties. Turkey's relations with Israel have deteriorated since the Gaza War (2008–09), the Gaza flotilla raid (2010) and the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. From 2010 to 2016, Turkey had no diplomatic relations with Israel at the ambassadorial ...
Iran-Italy trade stood at US$2.7 billion in 2001 [393] and €3.852 billion in 2003. [394] In 2005, Italy was Iran's third-largest trading partner, contributing 7.5% of all exports to Iran. [395] Italy was Iran's top European Union trading partner in early 2006. [396] Commercial exchanges hit €6 billion in 2008. [397]
Turkey and Iran continued to oppose each other during the Syrian civil war. In 2019, Turkey launched an offensive in northern Syria, against the Syrian Democratic Forces and Syrian Arab Armed Forces, causing Iran to criticize Turkey. [9] Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif claimed that it was a violation of Syria's sovereignty. [10]
Iran and Turkey signed preliminary agreements covering investment, diplomacy, media and business, among other fields, and pledged to triple bilateral trade, to $30 billion.
Heading for Turkey to the north and Iran to the east, hundreds of oil tankers snake each day from near Kurdistan's capital Erbil, clogging the Iraqi region's often winding and mountainous highways.
Hunter explains that "Turkey has long wanted to have a land route to Azerbaijan and from there to northern Iran and Central Asia". [53] She added: "if Turkey decides to push its long-held ambition of creating a direct link to the republic of Azerbaijan by eliminating Iran's access to Armenia, then the risk of escalation will increase". [53]
The Iraq–Turkey border is 367 km (228 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Syria in the west to the tripoint with Iran in the east. [ 2 ] Description
Logo of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route Map of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route. The Middle Corridor, also called TITR (Trans-Caspian International Transport Route), is a trade route from Southeast Asia and China to Europe via Kazakhstan, Caspian Sea (using train ferries to cross the Caspian), [1] Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. [2]