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Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [1] Complications may include seizures, coma, rhabdomyolysis, or softening of the bones. [1] Causes include alcohol use disorder, refeeding in those with malnutrition, recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis, burns, hyperventilation, and certain medications. [1]
Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cell and are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells. They convert the energy of food molecules into the ATP that powers most cell functions.
Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1 or AMPD1, is a human metabolic disorder in which the body consistently lacks the enzyme AMP deaminase, [1] in sufficient quantities. This may result in exercise intolerance, muscle pain and muscle cramping. The disease was formerly known as myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MADD).
Some people with a metabolic myopathy never develop symptoms due to the body's ability to produce enough ATP through alternative pathways (e.g. the majority of those with AMP-deaminase deficiency are asymptomatic [1] [21]). H 2 O + ATP → H + + ADP + P i + energy → muscle contraction [22] ATP is needed for muscle contraction by two processes:
Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. [1] Adenosine triphosphate (), the chemical used to provide energy for the cell, cannot be produced sufficiently by oxidative phosphorylation when the mitochondrion is either damaged or missing necessary enzymes or transport proteins.
Pyruvate kinase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder of the enzyme pyruvate kinase which affects the survival of red blood cells. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance have been observed with the disorder; classically, and more commonly, the inheritance is autosomal recessive .
Symptoms Definition/Explanation Lactic Acidosis High levels of lactate in the blood; can cause nausea, vomiting, breathing problems, abnormal heartbeats *In less severe cases, signs of lactic acidosis can include ataxia and episodes may only occur when ill, under stress, or after consuming high amounts of carbohydrates. Hyperammonemia
Phosphofructokinase deficiency is a rare muscular metabolic disorder, with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. It is characterized as a deficiency in the Phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme throughout the body, including the skeletal muscles and red blood cells. Phosphofrucotkinase is an enzyme involved in the glycolytic process.