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Nabothian cysts usually require no treatment and frequently resolve on their own. [4] Cryotherapy has been used to treat nabothian cysts but is rarely necessary. [4] Very rarely a cyst may be so large that it prevents a clinician from performing a pap smear, in which case the clinician may puncture the cyst with a needle and drain it. [4]
Symptoms depend on whether the cervical canal is partially or completely obstructed and on the patient's menopausal status. Pre-menopausal patients may have a build up of blood inside the uterus which may cause infection, sporadic bleeding, or pelvic pain. Patients also have an increased risk of infertility and endometriosis. [1]
The condition is typically found in women between the ages of 35 and 50, but also affects younger women. [3] Patients with adenomyosis often present with painful menses (dysmenorrhea), profuse menses (menorrhagia), or both. Other possible symptoms are pain during sexual intercourse, chronic pelvic pain and irritation of the urinary bladder.
It is common for many women to develop a cyst in their lifetime. [4] At times, these can go unnoticed without pain or visible symptoms. A cyst may develop in either of the ovaries that are responsible for producing hormones and carrying eggs. Ovarian cysts can be of various types, such as dermoid cysts, endometrioma cysts, and the functional cyst.
Symptoms of hypoestrogenism, whose severity will positively correlate with the duration of hypoestrogenism, will be present in FHA patients; these can include lack of cervical mucus, pale areola and nipples, thinned, reddened vaginal and vestibular epithelium, and uterine hyperplasia, though FHA is not typically associated with hot flashes.
There are four types of ovarian cysts — functional cysts, PCOS cysts, benign ovarian tumor and malignant ovarian tumor — that range from harmless to fatal.
Tubal factors cause 25-30% of infertility cases. [1] Tubal factor is one complication of chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. [2] Sexually transmitted chlamydia and genital mycoplasma infections are preventable causes of infertility and negative pregnancy outcomes. When the infections progress and ascend, they can result in TFI.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a medical condition that can occur in some women who take fertility medication to stimulate egg growth, and in other women in sporadic cases. Most cases are mild, but rarely the condition is severe and can lead to serious illness or even death.