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PSA was launched in July 1991 by David Hall, owner of the coin grading company Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS), to serve collectors as a third-party card grader. [1] At the outset, the business faced difficulties owing to a limited demand from collectors who sought card grading services. [ 2 ]
Cards are evaluated by third-party services, most often Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA), Beckett Grading Services (BGS) and Sportscard Guaranty (SGC), and given a grade on a ten-point scale based on condition. [5] The images below do not necessarily represent the individual specimen sold but are representative of the given cards.
The Beckett price guide is a graded card price guide, which means it is graded by a 1–10 scale, one being the lowest possible score and ten the highest. In addition, Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) grades cards 1–10, and can authenticate autographs as well. Other grading companies include Beckett, SGC, and CGC.
The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...
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Control charts are graphical plots used in production control to determine whether quality and manufacturing processes are being controlled under stable conditions. (ISO 7870-1) [1] The hourly status is arranged on the graph, and the occurrence of abnormalities is judged based on the presence of data that differs from the conventional trend or deviates from the control limit line.
Therefore, several authors recommend using a single chart that can simultaneously monitor ¯ and S. [8] McCracken, Chackrabori and Mukherjee [9] developed one of the most modern and efficient approach for jointly monitoring the Gaussian process parameters, using a set of reference sample in absence of any knowledge of true process parameters.
[6] [7] NASA, for example, uses quad charts to document the process of all Small Business Innovation Research projects. [8] Because decision makers often review a large volume of both solicited and unsolicited proposals, the quad chart may be the only submission from a potential contractor which the decision maker actually reads.