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Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare form of chronic leukemia (cancer of the blood) that affects children, commonly those aged four and younger. [2] The name JMML now encompasses all diagnoses formerly referred to as juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia of infancy, and infantile monosomy 7 syndrome.
Lack of relevant family history may delay diagnosis. FDNA provides a service that in turn increases the chances of detecting these distinct characteristics, which, when shown to a geneticist, can assist in reaching the right medical diagnosis. If a couple has had one child with MDS, they can be offered prenatal screening in future pregnancies.
A myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is one of a group of cancers in which blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature, and as a result, do not develop into healthy blood cells. [3] Early on, no symptoms typically are seen. [3] Later, symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, bleeding disorders, anemia, or frequent infections. [3]
The 5-year survival rate for children with leukemia is 83.6% in the USA. This means that 83.6% of children diagnosed with leukemia live for 5 years or more after their diagnosis. This is greatly improved from a 5-year survival rate of 36.5% in 1975. The improvement is largely attributed to advances in therapy, particularly therapy for ALL.
It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three-quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type. [3] However, over 90% of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults, CLL and AML being most common. [3] [14] It occurs more commonly in the developed world. [10]
In aCML many clinical features (splenomegaly, myeloid predominance in the bone marrow with some dysplastic features but without a differentiation block) and laboratory abnormalities (myeloid proliferation, low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase values) suggest the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
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