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  2. Treaty of Verdun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun

    The Treaty of Verdun (French: Traité de Verdun; German: Vertrag von Verdun), agreed to on 10 August 843, ended the Carolingian civil war and divided the Carolingian Empire between Lothair I, Louis II and Charles II, the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations lasting more than a year.

  3. Antonine Wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall

    The barrier was the second of two "great walls" created by the Romans in Great Britain in the second century AD. Its ruins are less evident than those of the better-known and longer Hadrian's Wall to the south, primarily because the turf and wood wall has largely weathered away, unlike its stone-built southern predecessor.

  4. 843 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/843

    King Louis the German receives the eastern portion (everything east of the River Rhine), called the Eastern Frankish Realm, which is the precursor to modern-day Germany. Emperor Lothair I receives the central portion ( Low Countries , Alsace , Lorraine , Burgundy and the northern half of Italy ), called the Central Frankish Realm .

  5. Carolingian Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_Empire

    This marked the east–west division of the Empire between Louis and Charles until the Verdun Treaty. Considered a milestone in European history, the Oaths of Strasbourg symbolize the birth of both France and Germany. [17] The partition of Carolingian Empire was finally settled in 843 by and between Louis the Pious' three sons in the Treaty of ...

  6. Middle Francia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Francia

    Middle Francia (Latin: Francia media) was a short-lived Frankish kingdom which was created in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun after an intermittent civil war between the grandsons of Charlemagne resulted in division of the united empire. Middle Francia was allocated to emperor Lothair I, the eldest son and successor of emperor Louis the Pious.

  7. Lotharingia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotharingia

    Europe in 900, showing Lotharingia and its neighbours. The young king of East Francia Louis the Child appointed Gebhard to be the duke of Lotharingia in 903. His title was recorded in contemporary Latin as dux regni quod a multis Hlotharii dicitur: "duke of the kingdom that many call Lothair's". He died in 910 fighting Hungarian invaders.

  8. 8th century - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_century

    In Europe, late in the century, the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia, begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean, and go on to found several important kingdoms. In Asia, the Pala Empire is founded in Bengal. The Tang dynasty reaches its pinnacle under Chinese Emperor Xuanzong. The Nara period begins in Japan.

  9. Arab raid against Rome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_raid_against_Rome

    The most important among them were the golden cross erected above the alleged tomb of Saint Peter, the so-called Pharum Hadriani, and the silver table donated to the church by Charlemagne, and adorned with a representation of Constantinople. [4] As a result, the raiders pillaged the surroundings of the city and desecrated [5] the two holy ...