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This "simple" exploitation characterizes the realization of absolute surplus value, which is then claimed by the capitalist. The worker cannot capture this benefit directly because he has no claim to the means of production (e.g. the boot-making machine) or to its products, and his capacity to bargain over wages is restricted by laws and the ...
Surplus economics is the study of economics based upon the concept that economies operate on the basis of the production of a surplus over basic needs.
People knew very well that there was a definite relationship between time worked and the value of products traded; in itself that was not a very difficult insight to grasp. [ note 8 ] In fact, three hundred years before the Scottish and English political economists, Ibn Khaldun had already formally presented a fairly sophisticated understanding ...
It breaks down changes in the owners' interest in the organization, and in the application of retained profit or surplus from one accounting period to the next. Line items typically include profits or losses from operations, dividends paid, issue or redemption of shares, revaluation reserve and any other items charged or credited to accumulated ...
From the point of view of capital, increased productivity means both increase in the scale of production and a reduction of labour-costs as a fraction of the total capital invested. From the point of view of labour, increased productivity means both an increase in surplus labour and an increase in the amount of capital used per worker. Marx ...
“A revaluation is not a means to increase property tax revenue,” Joyner said. Revaluation, though, could increase property taxes for some people. Because housing market conditions have changed ...
A housing surplus that still prices out many But the new finding about overall housing supply levels, which Schwartz says was a surprise, offers some nuance to one of the major problems in the ...
Producer surplus, or producers' surplus, is the amount that producers benefit by selling at a market price that is higher than the least that they would be willing to sell for; this is roughly equal to profit (since producers are not normally willing to sell at a loss and are normally indifferent to selling at a break-even price).