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The hippocampal formation is a compound structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It forms a c-shaped bulge on the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle . [ 1 ] Typically, the hippocampal formation is said to included the dentate gyrus , the hippocampus , and the subiculum . [ 2 ]
The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation.The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum.
The trisynaptic circuit is a neural circuit in the hippocampus, which is made up of three major cell groups: granule cells in the dentate gyrus, pyramidal neurons in CA3, and pyramidal neurons in CA1. The hippocampal relay involves three main regions within the hippocampus which are classified according to their cell type and projection fibers.
The neural layout and pathways within the hippocampal formation are very similar in all mammals. [3] The hippocampus, and dentate gyrus that is folded into the hippocampal archicortex have the shape of a curved, rolled-up tube. The curve of the hippocampus (known as cornu Ammonis) uses the initial letters CA to name the hippocampal subfields ...
The hippocampal subfields are four subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 that make up the structure of the hippocampus. Regions described in the hippocampus are the head, body, and tail, and other hippocampal subfields include the dentate gyrus , the presubiculum , and the subiculum .
The specific function of the hippocampus, coupled with seasonal changes in their volume, point towards their temporary advantages for spatial memory consolidation. Taken all together, adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of black-capped chickadees suggest a selective mechanisms for neuronal survival in direct correlation with seasonal food ...
Neural progenitors that become hippocampal principal neurons (pyramidal and granular cells) arise from the ventricular zone of the lateral ventricle.In contrast to neural proliferation that leads to cortical formation, hippocampal precursors are produced directly in the ventricular zone because there is no subventricular zone or outer subventricular zone adjacent to the hippocampus.
Brain areas that undergo significant post-natal development, such as those involved in memory and emotion are more vulnerable to effects of early life stress. [58] [64] For example, the hippocampus continues to develop after birth and is a structure that is affected by childhood maltreatment. [64]