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Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils.It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells, where it may be present at a concentration of over 100 μM; its mass is roughly 42 kDa, with a diameter of 4 to 7 nm.
The prokaryotic cytoskeletal elements are matched with their eukaryotic homologue and hypothesized cellular function. [1] The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes. [2] Some of these proteins are analogues of those in eukaryotes, while others are unique to prokaryotes.
Alpha-actinin-1 is an F-actin cross-linking protein – a bundling protein that is thought to anchor actin to a number of intracellular structures. [6] Alpha-actinin-1 is a non-muscle cytoskeletal isoform found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions , where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane.
Cytoskeletal proteins are usually correlated with cell shape, DNA segregation and cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which proteins fulfill which task is very different. For example, DNA segregation in all eukaryotes happens through use of tubulin, but in prokaryotes either WACA proteins, actin-like or tubulin-like proteins can be used.
These are highly diverse, and contain homologues of the eukaryote proteins actin and tubulin. The cytoskeleton provides the capability for movement within the cell. [7] Most prokaryotes are between 1 and 10 μm, but they vary in size from 0.2 μm in Thermodiscus spp. and Mycoplasma genitalium to 750 μm in Thiomargarita namibiensis. [8] [9]
Alpha-actinin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTN4 gene. [5] Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types.
The term actoclampin is derived from acto- to indicate the involvement of an actin filament, as in actomyosin, and clamp to indicate a clasping device used for strengthening flexible/moving objects and for securely fastening two or more components, followed by the suffix -in to indicate its protein origin. An actin filament end-tracking protein ...
11459 Ensembl ENSG00000143632 ENSMUSG00000031972 UniProt P68133 P68134 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001100 NM_001272041 NM_009606 RefSeq (protein) NP_001091 NP_001258970 NP_033736 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 229.43 – 229.43 Mb Chr 8: 124.62 – 124.62 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Actin, alpha skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA1 gene. Actin alpha 1 ...