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Pressure-temperature phase diagram of bismuth. T C refers to the superconducting transition temperature. Bismuth is a brittle metal with a dark, silver-pink hue, often with an iridescent oxide tarnish showing many colors from yellow to blue. The spiral, stair-stepped structure of bismuth crystals is the result of a higher growth rate around the ...
For pure elements or compounds, e.g. pure copper, pure water, etc. the liquidus and solidus are at the same temperature, and the term melting point may be used. There are also some mixtures which melt at a particular temperature, known as congruent melting. One example is eutectic mixture. In a eutectic system, there is particular mixing ratio ...
the heat at which water boils vehemently (the temperature at which water begins to boil is given as an additional value in the description, as 33) 40: melting point of an alloy of one part lead, four parts tin and five parts bismuth 48: 3: melting point of an alloy of equal parts of bismuth and tin 57: 3 + 1 ⁄ 4
Melting ice cubes illustrate the process of fusion. Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point.
Notably, this is the case of water, as illustrated graphically to the right, but also of Si, Ge, Ga, Bi. With extremely large changes in pressure, substantial changes to the melting point are observed. For example, the melting point of silicon at ambient pressure (0.1 MPa) is 1415 °C, but at pressures in excess of 10 GPa it decreases to 1000 °C.
Bismuth oxide, Bi 2 O 3 has five crystallographic polymorphs. The room temperature phase, α-Bi 2 O 3 has a monoclinic crystal structure. There are three high temperature phases, a tetragonal β-phase, a body-centred cubic γ-phase, a cubic δ-Bi 2 O 3 phase and an ε-phase. The room temperature α-phase has a complex structure with layers of ...
Tammann temperature was pioneered by German astronomer, solid-state chemistry, and physics professor Gustav Tammann in the first half of the 20th century. [1]: 152 He had considered a lattice motion very important for the reactivity of matter and quantified his theory by calculating a ratio of the given material temperatures at solid-liquid phases at absolute temperatures.
The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C. The World Book encyclopedia from 2002 lists 1529 °C. WEL: 1770 K: 1497 °C: 2727 °F CRC: 1529 °C: LNG: 1529 °C: 69 ...