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In pre-independence India, the main parties were the Congress and the Muslim league. There were also many other parties such as the Hindu mahasabha, Justice party, the Akali dal, the Communist party etc. during this period with limited or regional appeal. With the eclipse of the Muslim league due to partition, the Congress party was able to ...
Post and Air Abdur Rab Nishtar: All-India Muslim League: Works, Mines and Power C. H. Bhabha: Indian National Congress: The above is the reconstituted cabinet of 15 October 1946, when Muslim League called off its boycott of participation in the interim government. [7] [8] [9]
The Communist Party of India had presented 108 candidates, out of whom only 8 won a seat. [25] The set-back came as a result of the decision of the party not to support the Quit India movement of 1942. [26] Seven out of the eight seats it won were reserved for labour representatives. All in all, the Communist Party obtained 2.5% of the popular ...
Political subdivisions of the Indian Empire in 1909 with British India (pink) and the princely states (yellow) Before it gained independence in 1947, India (also called the Indian Empire) was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule (British India), and the other consisting of princely states under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal ...
Jawaharlal Nehru, as prime minister 1947-1964, usually with the assistance of Krishna Menon, shaped the new nation's foreign policy.Nehru served concurrently as Minister of External Affairs; he made all major foreign policy decisions himself after consulting with his advisers and then entrusted the conduct of international affairs to senior members of the Indian Foreign Service.
The first period lasted from independence, in 1947, to 1991 and put great emphasis on the public sector. [254] The second period began with economic liberalisation in 1991. At present, Congress endorses a mixed economy in which the private sector and the state both direct the economy, which has characteristics of both market and planned economies .
On 12 April 2018, the police said that Rakesh Kumar, who leaked the class 12 economics paper, had leaked class 10 mathematics paper also. [40] Consequently, the Central Board of Secondary Education has put in place a system of "encrypted" question papers, which are supposed to be printed by the schools half an hour before the exam starts. [41]
It does not cover the incorporation of the enclaves of French India into India during the period 1947–1954, nor the annexation of Goa and other districts of Portuguese India by India in 1961. Other contemporaneous political entities in the region in 1947, such as Sikkim , Bhutan , Nepal , and the Maldives , were unaffected by the partition.