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Hurtado notes that Paul valued the linkage with "Jewish Christian circles in Roman Judea", which makes it likely that his Christology was in line with, and indebted to, their views. [24] Hurtado further notes that "[i]t is widely accepted that the tradition that Paul recites in 1 Corinthians 15:1–17 must go back to the Jerusalem Church."
Paul declared that "Christ is the end of the law", [371] exalted the Christian church as the body of Christ, and depicted the world outside the Church as under judgment. [45] Paul's writings include the earliest reference to the "Lord's Supper", [ 372 ] a rite traditionally identified as the Christian communion or Eucharist .
As a peripheral group of Palestinian Judaism, the early church of Jerusalem was severely affected by the intensifying conflicts between parts of the Jewish population and the Roman occupation. When Paul delivered his collection in Jerusalem, he found a large Jewish-Christian community that kept its distance from him.
Roman Catholics, Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian Church of the East, and conservative Protestants, contend that Paul's writings were a legitimate interpretation of the Gospel. The idea that Paul invented Christianity is disputed by numerous Christian writers.
Saint Peter, Paul and other Jewish Christians told the Jerusalem council that Gentiles were receiving the Holy Spirit, and so convinced the leaders of the Jerusalem Church to allow gentile converts exemption from most Jewish commandments at the Council of Jerusalem, which opened the way for a much larger Christian Church, extending far beyond ...
Jewish Christianity was also opposed by early Rabbinic Judaism, the successor to the Pharisees. [80] When Peter left Jerusalem after Herod Agrippa I tried to kill him, James appears as the principal authority of the early Christian church. [47] Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–215 AD) called him Bishop of Jerusalem. [47]
Most historians agree that Jesus or his followers established a new Jewish sect, one that attracted both Jewish and gentile converts. According to New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman, a number of early Christianities existed in the first century CE, from which developed various Christian traditions and denominations, including proto-orthodoxy. [13]
The Letter to the Romans attributed to St. Ignatius of Antioch implies that Peter and Paul had special authority over the Roman church, [105] telling the Roman Christians: "I do not command you, as Peter and Paul did" (ch. 4). However, the authenticity of this document and its traditional dating to c. 105–110 have also been questioned, and it ...