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It might be stored in a cabinet with doors to hide it; this sort of nightstand was known as a commode, hence the latter word came to mean "toilet" as well. For homes without these items of furniture, the chamber pot was stored under the bed. The modern commode toilet and bedpan, used by bedbound or disabled persons, are variants of the chamber pot.
Archaeologists discovered 11 toilets (not pictured) dating back to the mid-1800s, along with artifacts. Teams sifted through 5-foot deep pits, finding a cow bone , a shell and a pocket watch ...
The privy midden (also midden closet) was a toilet system that consisted of a privy associated with a midden (or middenstead, i.e. a dump for waste). They were widely used in rapidly expanding industrial cities such as Manchester in England, but were difficult to empty and clean.
There are other types of toilet that may be covered by an outhouse superstructure, or a toilet tent (e.g. in humanitarian relief operations), or even be installed inside a house that is beyond the reach of sewers. The Swedish Pacto toilet uses a continuous roll of plastic to collect and dispose of waste. [21]
A famous example is the dansker at Kwidzyn Castle in Poland, although it was rebuilt in the 19th century and no longer retains its medieval appearance. If danskers or a garderobe were not available, outhouses served as toilet facilities in castles.
Experts use the latest techniques to analyse 500 medieval skeletons and shed light on their lives.
Late antique and medieval tours of hell—stories in which a protagonist (usually an Apostle or Mary) travels through the regions of hell and sees the punishments visited on sinners—often ...
At first, the heavier solids were channeled into ditches on the side of the farm and were covered over when full, but soon flat-bottomed tanks were employed as reservoirs for the sewage; the earliest patent was taken out by William Higgs in 1846 for "tanks or reservoirs in which the contents of sewers and drains from cities, towns and villages ...