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This is a timeline of Portuguese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Portugal and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Portugal .
The Order of Calatrava settles in Portugal, at Évora. The Portuguese armies take Serpa and Moura (in Alentejo) from the Moors. 1168 - Portuguese frontiersman Geraldo the Fearless goes into the territory of Badajoz. 1169 King Afonso I of Portugal grants the Knights Templar one third of all they conquer to the Moors in Alentejo.
The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis. The Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula , which lasted almost two centuries, led to the establishment of the provinces of Lusitania in the south and Gallaecia in the north of what is now Portugal.
1705 – Brazil is now producing 600,000 ounces of gold per year. For the second time in its history, Portugal controls one of the greatest gold-producing sources in the world. 1706 — João V of Portugal becomes king. He presides over a great flowering of Portuguese art and culture underpinned by the fabulous wealth provided by Brazilian gold.
237 BC - The Carthaginian General Hamilcar Barca enters Iberia with his armies through Gadir.; 228 BC - Hamilcar Barca dies in battle. He is succeeded in command of the Carthaginian armies in Iberia by his son-in-law Hasdrubal, who extends the newly acquired empire by skillful diplomacy, and consolidates it by the foundation of Carthago Nova as the capital of the new province.
He was the first to bear the title King of Portuguese Land. 938 – First document where the word Portugal is written in its present form. 950 Countess Mumadona Dias of Portugal divides amongst her sons her the vast domains, upon the death of her husband Count Mendo I Gonçalves. Her son Gonçalo I Mendes becomes Count of Portugal.
Goa, in Portuguese India, is attacked by a coalition of Indian forces, but these are defeated by Portuguese Vice-Roy Luís de Ataíde, Count of Atouguia. 1578 Portuguese troops utterly defeated in Africa, in the battle of Alcácer Quibir ; king Sebastião disappears in the battle never to be seen again. Cardinal Henrique I of Portugal becomes king.
The Spanish Fleet of Santa Cruz defeats the Portuguese-French Fleet of Strozzi in the Azores. Introduction of the Gregorian Calendar in Portugal. 1583 Cortes in Lisbon. King Philip I of Portugal departs for Madrid and leaves the government of Portugal with Portuguese trustees. The Azores are submitted. Francis Drake attacks Portuguese Brazil.