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Thienamycin (also known as thienpenem) is one of the most potent naturally produced antibiotics known thus far, discovered in Streptomyces cattleya in 1976. Thienamycin has excellent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is resistant to bacterial β-lactamase enzymes. Thienamycin is a zwitterion at pH 7. [1]
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.
Streptomyces cattleya is a Gram-positive bacterium which makes cephamycin, [1] penicillin and thienamycin. [2] [3] The bacterium expresses a fluorinase enzyme, [4] and the organism has been used to understand the biosynthesis of fluoroacetate and the antibacterial 4-fluoro-L-threonine.
Backbone structure of a carbapenem. Carbapenems are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for treatment of severe bacterial infections.This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.
Imipenem acts as an antimicrobial through inhibiting cell wall synthesis of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It remains very stable in the presence of β-lactamase (both penicillinase and cephalosporinase) produced by some bacteria, and is a strong inhibitor of β-lactamases from some Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics.
The following is a list of antibiotics.The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic.Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.
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Thiamine is one of the B vitamins and is also known as vitamin B 1. [1] [11] [12] It is a cation that is usually supplied as a chloride salt. [3]It is soluble in water, methanol and glycerol, but practically insoluble in less polar organic solvents.