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The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya and Chad. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 8th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu (the Bornu Empire ) until 1900.
The Girgam (or Diwan) is the royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, written in Arabic.Girgam is also used as the name for written historical records in some kingdoms west of Bornu, including Daura, Fika and Mandara, defined as "chronicle or 'list of ancestors'" [1] or simply "date".
Flag of the Kanem Empire: ... 1380 - 1890: Flag of the Bornu Empire: A Brown Field with a White Crescent Moon in the center. French Rule. Flag
Kanem rose in the 8th century in the region to the north and east of Lake Chad. The Kanem empire went into decline, shrank, and in the 14th century was defeated by Bilala invaders from the Lake Fitri region. [7] Around the 9th century AD, the central Sudanic Empire of Kanem, with its capital at Njimi, was founded by the Kanuri-speaking nomads ...
Boko Haram operates primarily in Borno State, and the historical context of the state, which is the central fragment of the old Kanem-Bornu empire of the Kanuri people, has effects today. Bornu, led by Shaikh al-Kanemi , had a history of resistance against the Sokoto jihad and actively opposed the encroachment and ideology of the caliphate.
Ngazargamu, Birni Ngazargamu, Birnin Gazargamu, Gazargamo or N'gazargamu, was the capital of the Bornu Empire from ca. 1460 to 1809. Situated 150 km (93 mi) west of Lake Chad in the Yobe State of modern Nigeria, the remains of the former capital city are still visible. The surrounding wall is 6.6 km (4.1 mi) long and in parts it is still up to ...
The onset of the second era of the Kanem-Bornu empire is widely attributed to the reign of Mai Ali. [5] The century leading up to his rule had been marred by a protracted civil conflict within the empire, pitting the descendants of Mai Idris, the 26th ruler of Kanem, against those of Mai Dawud, the 27th ruler, both being sons of Mai al-Haj Ibrahim Nikale, the 20th ruler of Kanem.
The chronology of the Sefuwa concerns the rule of the Sayfawa dynasty first over Kanem, then over the Kanem–Bornu and finally, since c. 1380, over Bornu alone. The chronology of kings has been ascertained from dynastic records of the Sefuwa on the basis of lengths of reign for the successive kings (mai), found in the Girgam.