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The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines. The reaction is an example of reductive amination. [1] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent. It requires high temperatures, usually between 120 and 130 °C; for the ...
The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom. [1] [2] [3] The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate.
Amide reduction is a reaction in organic synthesis where an amide is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde functional group. [1] [2]
The intermediate imine can be isolated or reacted in-situ with a suitable reducing agent (e.g., sodium borohydride) to produce the amine product. [2] Intramolecular reductive amination can also occur to afford a cyclic amine product if the amine and carbonyl are on the same molecule of starting material. [4]
In organic chemistry, the Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction in which an azide reacts with a carbonyl derivative, usually an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid, under acidic conditions to give an amine or amide, with expulsion of nitrogen.
Compared to amines, amides are very weak bases. While the conjugate acid of an amine has a pK a of about 9.5, the conjugate acid of an amide has a pK a around −0.5. Therefore, compared to amines, amides do not have acid–base properties that are as noticeable in water. This relative lack of basicity is explained by the withdrawing of ...
Transamidation is a chemical reaction in which an amide reacts with an amine to generate a new amide: RC(O)NR' 2 + HNR" 2 → RC(O)NR" 2 + HNR' 2. The reaction is typically very slow, but it can be accelerated with Lewis acid [1] and organometallic catalysts. [2] Primary amides (RC(O)NH 2) are more amenable to this reaction.
Another common example is the reaction of a primary amine or secondary amine with a carboxylic acid or with a carboxylic acid derivative to form an amide. This reaction is widely used, especially in the synthesis of peptides. On the simple addition of an amine to a carboxylic acid, a salt of the organic acid and base is obtained.