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High pressure is necessary to ensure sufficient surface coverage of the catalyst with nitrogen. [56] For this reason, a ratio of nitrogen to hydrogen of 1 to 3, a pressure of 250 to 350 bar, a temperature of 450 to 550 °C and α iron are optimal. The catalyst ferrite (α-Fe) is produced in the reactor by the reduction of magnetite with ...
Forming gas is a mixture of hydrogen (mole fraction varies) [1] and nitrogen. It is sometimes called a "dissociated ammonia atmosphere" due to the reaction which generates it: 2 NH 3 → 3 H 2 + N 2. It can also be manufactured by thermal cracking of ammonia, in an ammonia cracker or forming gas generator. [2]
These hydrogen engines burn fuel in the same manner that gasoline engines do. The theoretical maximum power output from a hydrogen engine depends on the air/fuel ratio and fuel injection method used. The stoichiometric air/fuel ratio for hydrogen is 34:1. At this air/fuel ratio, hydrogen will displace 29% of the combustion chamber leaving only ...
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.
Liquid nitrogen is a compact and readily transported source of dry nitrogen gas, as it does not require pressurization. Further, its ability to maintain temperatures far below the freezing point of water, specific heat of 1040 J ⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 and heat of vaporization of 200 kJ⋅kg −1 makes it extremely useful in a wide range of ...
Thus helium is almost twice as dense as hydrogen. The lifting power in air of hydrogen and helium can be calculated using the theory of buoyancy. The buoyancy depends upon the difference of the densities (ρ air) − (ρ gas) rather than upon their ratios. The lifting force for a volume of gas is given by the equation:
The liquid nitrogen wash has two principle functions: [1] Removal of impurities such as carbon monoxide, argon and methane from the crude hydrogen gas; Addition of the required stoichiometric amount of nitrogen to the hydrogen stream to achieve the correct ammonia synthesis gas ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen of 3 : 1
Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion). The air–fuel ratio determines whether a mixture is ...