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  2. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    Graphs of y = b x for various bases b: base 10, base e, base 2, base ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself.

  3. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    Suppose that one wants to approximate the 44th Mersenne prime, 2 32,582,657 −1. To get the base-10 logarithm, we would multiply 32,582,657 by log 10 (2), getting 9,808,357.09543 = 9,808,357 + 0.09543. We can then get 10 9,808,357 × 10 0.09543 ≈ 1.25 × 10 9,808,357. Similarly, factorials can be approximated by summing the logarithms of the ...

  4. Exponential function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function

    The graph always lies above the x-axis, but becomes arbitrarily close to it for large negative x; thus, the x-axis is a horizontal asymptote. The equation d d x e x = e x {\displaystyle {\tfrac {d}{dx}}e^{x}=e^{x}} means that the slope of the tangent to the graph at each point is equal to its height (its y -coordinate) at that point.

  5. Multiplicative inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_inverse

    The reciprocal function: y = 1/x.For every x except 0, y represents its multiplicative inverse. The graph forms a rectangular hyperbola.. In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1.

  6. Equality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_(mathematics)

    The equals sign, used to represent equality symbolically in an equation. In mathematics, equality is a relationship between two quantities or expressions, stating that they have the same value, or represent the same mathematical object. [1] [2] Equality between A and B is written A = B, and pronounced "A equals B".

  7. Binomial theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_theorem

    Expanding (x + y) n yields the sum of the 2 n products of the form e 1 e 2... e n where each e i is x or y. Rearranging factors shows that each product equals x n−k y k for some k between 0 and n. For a given k, the following are proved equal in succession: the number of terms equal to x n−k y k in the expansion

  8. Method of complements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements

    0110 0100 [x, equals decimal 100] - 0001 0110 [y, equals decimal 22] ... [x + 1 0000 0000 - y] ... which is the nines' complement plus 1. The result of this addition ...

  9. Function (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. [1] The set X is called the domain of the function [2] and the set Y is called the codomain of the function. [3] Functions were originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another quantity.