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The L pad attenuates the signal by having two separate rheostats connected in an "L" configuration (hence the name). One rheostat is connected in series with the loudspeaker and, as the resistance of this rheostat increases, less power is coupled into the loudspeaker and the loudness of sound produced by the loudspeaker decreases.
The amplifier damping factor, which is the ratio of the nominal load impedance (driver voice coil) to amplifier output impedance, is adequate in either case for well-designed solid state amplifiers. Tube amplifiers have sufficiently higher output impedances that they normally included multi-tap output transformers to better match to the driver ...
Typical push–pull audio tube power amplifier, matched to loudspeaker with an impedance-matching transformer. Audio amplifiers typically do not match impedances, but provide an output impedance that is lower than the load impedance (such as < 0.1 ohm in typical semiconductor amplifiers), for improved speaker damping.
Line out provides an audio signal output and line in receives a signal input. The line in/out connections on consumer-oriented audio equipment are typically unbalanced, with a 3.5 mm (0.14 inch, but commonly called "eighth inch") 3-conductor TRS minijack connector providing ground, left channel, and right channel, or stereo RCA jacks.
Audio power is the electrical power transferred from an audio amplifier to a loudspeaker, measured in watts. The electrical power delivered to the loudspeaker, together with its efficiency , determines the sound power generated (with the rest of the electrical power being converted to heat).
Constant-voltage speaker systems are also commonly referred to as 25-, 70-, 70.7-, 100 or 210-volt speaker systems; distributed speaker systems; or high-impedance speaker systems. In Canada and the US, they are most commonly referred to as 70-volt speakers. In Europe, the 100 V system is the most widespread, with amplifier and speaker products ...
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Amplifier and loudspeaker with two elements and crossover networks. Top: normal connection. Bottom: bi-wiring. Loudspeaker bi-wired using banana plugs. Bi-wiring is a means of connecting a loudspeaker to an audio amplifier, primarily used in hi-fi systems. Normally, there is one pair of connectors on a loudspeaker and a single cable (two ...