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Official figures put the total number of documentable executions during the years 1937 and 1938 at 681,692, [172] [173] in addition to 116,000 deaths in the Gulag, [1] and 2,000 unofficially killed in non-article 58 shootings; [1] whereas the total estimate of deaths brought about by Soviet repression during the Great Purge ranges from 950,000 ...
This contained official records of 799,455 executions (1921–1953), [8] around 1.7 million deaths in the Gulag, [9] [10] some 390,000 [11] deaths during the dekulakization forced resettlement, and up to 400,000 deaths of persons deported during the 1940s, [12] with a total of about 3.3 million officially recorded victims in these categories. [13]
Between October 1940 and February 1942, in spite of the ongoing Axis attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Red Army, in particular the Soviet Air Force, as well as Soviet military-related industries were subjected to purges by Joseph Stalin.
The first Party purge of the Joseph Stalin era took place in 1929–1930 in accordance with a resolution of the XVI Party Conference. [4] Purges became deadly under Stalin. More than 10 percent of the party members were purged. At the same time, a significant number of new industrial workers joined the Party.
The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I was about 40 million: estimates range from around 15 to 22 million deaths [1] and about 23 million wounded military personnel, ranking it among the deadliest conflicts in human history. The total number of deaths includes from 9 to 11 million military personnel.
Stalin also initiated a new military build-up; the Soviet army was expanded from 2.9 million soldiers, as it stood in 1949, to 5.8 million by 1953. [ 501 ] The U.S. began pushing its interests on every continent , acquiring air force bases in Africa and Asia and ensuring pro-U.S. regimes took power across Latin America. [ 502 ]
Later in 2010, Timothy Snyder estimated that around 3.3 million people died in total in Ukraine. [180] In 2013, it was said that total excess deaths in Ukraine could not have exceeded 2.9 million. [193] Other estimates of famine deaths are as follows:
The tentative historical consensus is that, of the 18 million people who passed through the gulag from 1930 to 1953, between 1.6 million [2] [3] and 1.76 million [98] perished as a result of their detention, [1] and about half of all deaths occurred between 1941 and 1943 following the German invasion.