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Needlefish (family Belonidae) or long toms [2] are piscivorous fishes primarily associated with very shallow marine habitats or the surface of the open sea. Some genera include species found in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments (e.g., Strongylura), while a few genera are confined to freshwater rivers and streams, including Belonion, Potamorrhaphis, and Xenentodon. [3]
Because of their long lifespans and older sexual maturity age, factors affecting their reproduction are an issue in preserving them. [27] Overfishing is a large issue for this fish, especially when the fish have not reached sexual maturity due to the female not reaching sexual maturity until about 6 years of age.
Keeltail needlefish are found in the western Atlantic Ocean between North Carolina and Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean Sea. [6] In the Indian Ocean, they are known off of East Africa, with their range continuing into the Pacific, reaching the Hawaiian Islands and continuing north to the Ogasawara Islands. [7]
The rostrum is moveable and this fish stays motionless on the sea bed, moving the rostrum back and forth. This lures in prey and the batfish the opens its mouth, sucking the prey in. It is a poor swimmer and when they have to move they do so by walking on the substrate using the limb-like paired fins, and has been observed to jump, crawl and walk.
Alepisaurus ferox R. T. Lowe, 1833 (long-snouted lancetfish) The anatomic difference between the two species is the shape of the snout, which is long and pointed in A. ferox, and slightly shorter in A. brevirostris. The long-snouted lancetfish is found in the tropical and northern sub-tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean.
The genus name is a compound of oxy meaning “sharp” or "pointed" and Cirrhites, an alternative spelling of the type genus of the family Cirrhitidae, Cirrhitus. The specific name typus denotes that it is the type species of its genus. [5] Longnose Hawkfish at the Shedd Aquarium
The rays of the second dorsal fin and the caudal fin are black and yellow striped like the color pattern along the lateral line. This fish can be characterized by a long, pointed snout that can be darker colored than the rest of its body and has been recorded to reach lengths of up to 11 cm.
Peters's elephant-nose fish (Gnathonemus petersii) is an African freshwater elephantfish in the genus Gnathonemus. Other names in English include elephantnose fish, long-nosed elephant fish, and Ubangi mormyrid, after the Ubangi River. The Latin name petersii is probably for the German naturalist Wilhelm Peters.