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Harwell Subroutine Library is a collection of Fortran 77 and 95 codes that address core problems in numerical analysis. LAPACK , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] the Linear Algebra PACKage , is a software library for numerical computing originally written in FORTRAN 77 and now written in Fortran 90 .
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
Fortran 95, published officially as ISO/IEC 1539-1:1997, was a minor revision, mostly to resolve some outstanding issues from the Fortran 90 standard. Nevertheless, Fortran 95 also added a number of extensions, notably from the High Performance Fortran specification: FORALL and nested WHERE constructs to aid vectorization
New Fortran statements, such as FORALL, and the ability to create PURE (side effect free) procedures; Compiler directives for recommended alignment and distribution of array data (influenced by the earlier Fortran D [1] [2] and Vienna Fortran research efforts) Compiler directive for specifying processor arrangements (e.g., rank, extent, etc.)
Some array data structures do not reallocate storage, but do store a count of the number of elements of the array in use, called the count or size. This effectively makes the array a dynamic array with a fixed maximum size or capacity; Pascal strings are examples of this.
One of the major features of FORTRAN 77 was the CHARACTER string data type. Use of this data type dramatically simplified character manipulation in Fortran programs – rendering almost all uses of the Hollerith constant technique obsolete.
Arrays are considered to be variables in their own right. Every array is characterized by its type, rank, and shape (which defines the extents of each dimension). Bounds of each dimension are by default 1 and size, but arbitrary bounds can be explicitly specified.
For more information on Fortran standards, a number or resources are available, such as the Wikipedia Fortran entry or the Fortran wiki page. The Intel Fortran package included the Intel Array Visualizer, a visualization tool for scientific formats such as FITS and netCDF , which can produce x-y plots, contour plots, and image plots, and save ...