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The viola (/ v i ˈ oʊ l ə / vee-OH-lə, [1] Italian: [ˈvjɔːla, viˈɔːla]) is a string instrument of the violin family, and is usually bowed when played. Violas are slightly larger than violins, and have a lower and deeper sound.
The name of the instrument comes from the strings used on the third course – "toeiras". [1] It is characterized by having a standard or small neck-to string-length ration, high bridge position, oval soundhole and headstock with an open design. [2] The viola toeira is a larger version of the viola braguesa. [3]
It is tuned G3 G2, D3 D2, G3 G3, B3 (B3), D3 D3 so "Open G Major".. The two lowest courses are tuned in octaves. The three higher ones are tuned in unison. However, the 2nd highest course is a single string instead of a pair like the rest (there are also 10 string Versions w/ 5 pairs of strings).
Viola braguesa is a stringed instrument from Braga, north-western Portugal. It has 10 strings in 5 courses. The strings are made of steel. It is tuned C 4 /C 3 –G 4 /G 3 –A 4 /A 3 –D 4 /D 4 –G 4 /G 4. The scale length is about 500 mm (20 inches).
The playing ranges of the instruments in the violin family overlap each other, but the tone quality and physical size of each distinguishes them from one another. The ranges are as follows: violin: G 3 to E 7 (practical, notes up to A7 are possible); viola: C 3 to A 6 (conservative); violoncello: C 2 to A 5 (conservative); and double-bass: E 1 to C 5 (slightly expanded from conservative estimate).
The viola d'amore usually has six or seven playing strings, which are sounded by drawing a bow across them, just as with a violin. In addition, it has an equal number of sympathetic strings located below the main strings and the fingerboard which are not played directly but vibrate in sympathy with the notes played.