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Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, and the use of fertility medication .
Reproductive technology encompasses all current and anticipated uses of technology in human and animal reproduction, including assisted reproductive technology (ART), [1] contraception and others. It is also termed Assisted Reproductive Technology, where it entails an array of appliances and procedures that enable the realization of safe ...
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
The technique, first attempted by Steptoe and Edwards [1] and later pioneered by endocrinologist Ricardo Asch, allows fertilization to take place inside the woman's uterus. [ 2 ] With the advances in IVF the GIFT procedure is used less as pregnancy rates in IVF tend to be equal or better and do not require laparoscopy when the egg is put back.
Palshetkar is the in vitro fertilisation and infertility director at eleven Bloom IVF centers in India, including Fortis Bloom IVF Centers (New Delhi, Gurgaon, Chandigarh, and Mumbai), Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre Mumbai, [9] [10] PalshetkarPatil Nursing Home Mumbai, D.Y. Patil Medical College, and Sakra World Hospital Bangalore.
Cryopreservation itself has always played a central role in assisted reproductive technology. With the first cryopreservation of sperm in 1953 and of embryos twenty five years later, these techniques have become routine. Dr. Christopher Chen of Singapore reported the world's first pregnancy in 1986 using previously frozen oocytes. [2]
The technique was developed by Gianpiero Palermo at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, in the Center for Reproductive Medicine headed by Paul Devroey and Andre Van Steirteghem. [12] Actually, the discovery was made by a mistake. The procedure itself was first performed in 1987, [13] though it only went to the pronuclear stage. [14]
Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.This technique - which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF) - may be used in humans or in other animals, in which situations and goals may vary.