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Implants that aim to delay spinal fusion and to allow more spinal growth in young children is the gold standard for surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis. Surgery without fusion can be divided into three principles: distraction of the entire spine, compression of the short segment of spine, and guided-growth techniques.
Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.
In Germany, a standard treatment for both Scheuermann's disease and lumbar kyphosis is the Schroth method, a system of physical therapy for scoliosis and related spinal deformities. [18] It involves lying supine, placing a pillow under the scapular region and posteriorly stretching the cervical spine.
Severe curvatures that rapidly progress may require surgery with spinal rod placement and spinal fusion. In all cases, early intervention offers the best results. [citation needed] A specific type of physical therapy may be useful. [93] [4] Evidence to support its use, however, is weak.
In Germany, a standard treatment for both Scheuermann's disease and lumbar kyphosis is the Schroth method, a system of specialized physical therapy for scoliosis and related spinal deformities. [13] The method has been shown to reduce pain and decrease kyphotic angle significantly during an inpatient treatment program. [14] [15]
Conservative treatment of craniocervical instability includes physical therapy [10] [11] [better source needed] and the use of a cervical collar to keep the neck stable. Cervical spinal fusion is performed on patients with more severe symptoms. [citation needed]
Bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) should not be routinely used in any type of anterior cervical spine fusion, such as with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. [2] [3] There are reports of this therapy causing swelling of soft tissue which in turn can cause life-threatening complications due to difficulty swallowing and pressure on the respiratory tract.
Veterinarians were the first health professionals to use PEMF therapy, usually to attempt to heal broken legs in racehorses. [6] In 2004, a pulsed electromagnetic field system was approved by the FDA as an adjunct to cervical fusion surgery in patients at high risk for non-fusion. [ 6 ]