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Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a form of vaginitis first described by Donders et al. in 2002. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is characterized by a more or less severe disruption of the lactobacillary flora , along with inflammation , atrophy , and the presence of a predominantly aerobic microflora , composed of enteric commensals or pathogens .
Women who have diabetes develop infectious vaginitis more often than women who do not. [18] Further, either a change in pH balance or introduction of foreign bacteria in the vagina can lead to infectious vaginitis. Physical factors that have been claimed to contribute to the development of infections include the following: constantly wet vulva ...
Vaginal wet mount showing slings of pseudohyphae of Candida albicans surrounded by round vaginal epithelial cells, conferring a diagnosis of candidal vulvovaginitis.. A vaginal wet mount (or vaginal smear [1] or wet prep [2]) is a gynecologic test wherein a sample of vaginal discharge is observed by wet mount microscopy by placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution. [1]
The Nugent Score is a Gram stain scoring system for vaginal swabs to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV).The Nugent score is calculated by assessing for the presence of large Gram-positive rods (Lactobacillus morphotypes; decrease in Lactobacillus scored as 0 to 4), small Gram-variable rods (Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes; scored as 0 to 4), and curved Gram-variable rods (Mobiluncus spp ...
Atrophic vaginitis may be caused by tissue thinning, loss of elasticity, and loss of vaginal fluids from low estrogen levels. [5] Normally, estrogen helps the vagina shed old cells, which are then converted into lactic acid by good bacteria. [15] This keeps the vagina's pH acidic and healthy. [15]
Fact No. 4: The depth of the vagina increases during arousal. Most women aren't aware of this, Streicher says, but "During arousal, there is increased blood flow to the genitalia," she explains ...
Vaginal yeast infections are due to excessive growth of Candida. [1] These yeast are normally present in the vagina in small numbers. [1] Vaginal yeast infections are typically caused by the yeast species Candida albicans. Candida albicans is a common fungus often harbored in the mouth, digestive tract, or vagina without causing adverse ...
Although the lactic acid produced by lactobacilli contributes to the vaginal acidity, it is still not proven to be the primary source of low vaginal pH, but the fact remains that most lactobacilli thrive best at a pH < 3.5 . [13] [14] [15] Normal vaginal pH is considered to be under 4.5 with a range of 3.8 to 4.4. [5]