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The end stage of the foreign body reaction is the fibrous capsule formation around the implanted biomaterial. [6] The biocompatibility of the device affects the severity of the foreign body reaction. [7] The foreign body reaction can lead to device failure. [8]
Foreign body giant cells are involved in the foreign body reaction, phagocytosis, and subsequent degradation of biomaterials which may lead to failure of the implanted material. [4] When produced, the FBGC's place themselves along the surface of the implantation, and will remain there for as long as the foreign material remains in the body.
Applications of bioinstructive materials as substrates for stem cell production, [6] cell delivery and reduction of foreign body reaction [7] [8] and coatings to reduce infections on medical devices. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] This non-leaching approach is distinct from strategies of infection control relying on antibiotic release, [ 11 ] cytokine delivery ...
The biocompatibility of surgically implanted foreign biomaterial refers to the interactions between the biomaterial and the host body tissue. Cell line as well as cell type such as fibroblasts can largely impact tissue responses towards implanted foreign devices by changing cell morphology. [ 16 ]
In the medical field, most permanent synthetic biomaterials are considered foreign by the innate immune system. This can lead to a foreign body reaction when implanted. [ 29 ] [ 30 ]
Research is underway to produce better, more biocompatible, coatings. This research involves producing a coating that is very much like biologic material in order to further lessen the foreign body reaction. Biocomposite coatings containing cells or protein coatings are being explored for use with nitinol as well as many other biomaterials. [8]
Most materials will have a reaction when in contact with the human body. The success of a biomaterial relies on the host tissue's reaction with the foreign material. Specific reactions between the host tissue and the biomaterial can be generated through the biocompatibility of the material. [25] [26]
The biomaterial is completely reabsorbed in 6 months and can be seen only a minimal foreign body reaction tissue in the vicinity of the implant. Materials made of PDS can be sterilized with ethylene oxide. [5]