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Graphite (/ ˈ ɡ r æ f aɪ t /) is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene , typically in the excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions .
Graphite is the most stable allotrope of carbon. Contrary to popular belief, high-purity graphite does not readily burn, even at elevated temperatures. [8] For this reason, it is used in nuclear reactors and for high-temperature crucibles for melting metals. [9]
Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon: pure forms of the same element that differ in crystalline structure.. Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos) 'other' and τρόπος (tropos) 'manner, form') is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements.
Amorphous carbon is a third allotrope of carbon; it is a component of soot. Another allotrope of carbon is a fullerene, which has the form of sheets of carbon atoms folded into a sphere. A fifth allotrope of carbon, discovered in 2003, is called graphene, and is in the form of a layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb-shaped formation.
Carbon reacts with sulfur to form carbon disulfide, and it reacts with steam in the coal-gas reaction used in coal gasification: C (s) + H 2 O (g) → CO (g) + H 2(g) . Carbon combines with some metals at high temperatures to form metallic carbides, such as the iron carbide cementite in steel and tungsten carbide , widely used as an abrasive ...
Carbon is the chemical element with atomic number 6, occurring as 12 C, 13 C and 14 C. [25] At standard temperature and pressure, carbon is a solid, occurring in many different allotropes, the most common of which are graphite, diamond, the fullerenes and amorphous carbon. [25] Graphite is a soft, hexagonal crystalline, opaque black semimetal ...
Glassy carbon is also an example of a non-graphitizing carbon material. The precursors for graphitizing carbons pass through a fluid stage during pyrolysis (carbonization). This fluidity facilitates the molecular mobility of the aromatic molecules, resulting in intermolecular dehydrogenative polymerization reactions to create aromatic, lamellar ...
Liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless, and relatively inert diatomic gas with a density of 1.251 × 10 −3 g/cm 3 (marginally heavier than air). It condenses to a colourless liquid at −195.795 °C and freezes into an ice- or snow-like solid at −210.00 °C.