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Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
Phages fd, f1, M13 and other related phages are Ff phages, for F specific (they infect Escherichia coli carrying the F-episome) filamentous phages, using the concept of vernacular name. [45] Filamentous bacteriophage engineered to display immunogenic peptides are useful in immunology and wider biological applications.
Phage typing is a phenotypic method that uses bacteriophages ("phages" for short) for detecting and identifying single strains of bacteria. [1] Phages are viruses that infect bacteria and may lead to bacterial cell lysis. [2] The bacterial strain is assigned a type based on its lysis pattern. [3]
The issue of using Ff phages for phage display is that they require the protein of interest to be translocated across the bacterial inner membrane before they are assembled into the phage. [46] Some proteins cannot undergo this process and therefore cannot be displayed on the surface of Ff phages. In these cases, T7 phage display is used ...
Phages can also impact abiotic factors via the encoding of exotoxins (a subset of which are capable of solubilizing the biological tissues of living animals). Phage ecosystem ecologists are primarily concerned with the phage impact on the global carbon cycle , especially within the context of a phenomenon known as the microbial loop .
In a 1945 study by Demerec and Fano, [4] T7 was used to describe one of the seven phage types (T1 to T7) that grow lytically on Escherichia coli. [5] Although all seven phages were numbered arbitrarily, phages with odd numbers, or T-odd phages, were later discovered to share morphological and biochemical features that distinguish them from T-even phages. [6]
RNA Phages. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. OCLC 1582488, ISBN 0-87969-109-3; Buczowski, Z., and H. Rische. 1974. Lysotypie und andere spezielle epidemiologische Laboratoriumsmethoden. [German & English; Phage Typing and Other Special Epidemiological Laboratory Methods]. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag, Jena, Germany. OCLC 14423391
Adsorption is a value characteristic of phage-host pair and the adsorption of the phage on host cell surface is illustrated as a 2-stage process: reversible and irreversible. It involves the phages tail structure that begins when the phages tail fibers helps bind the phage to the appropriate receptor of its host. This process is reversible.