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The Ca 2+ concentration of the vacuole may reach millimolar levels. The most striking use of Ca 2+ ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, which use Ca 2+ to form the calcium carbonate plates, with which they are covered. Calcium is needed to form the pectin in the middle lamella of newly formed cells.
In myocytes (muscle cells) Ca 2+ is normally sequestered (isolated) in a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). It is a Ca 2+ ATPase that transfers Ca 2+ from the cytosol of the cell to the lumen of the SR at the expense of ATP hydrolysis during muscle relaxation. In the skeletal muscles the calcium ...
The Ca 2+ in the myoplasm will diffuse to Ca 2+ regulator sites on the thin filaments. This leads to the actual contraction of the muscle. [15] Contractions of smooth muscle fiber are dependent on how a Ca 2+ influx occurs. When a Ca 2+ influx occurs, cross bridges form between myosin and actin leading to the
In the simplest terms, mountain-building exposes calcium-bearing rocks such as basalt and granodiorite to chemical weathering and releases Ca 2+ into surface water. These ions are transported to the ocean where they react with dissolved CO 2 to form limestone (CaCO 3), which in turn settles to the sea floor where it is incorporated into new rocks.
The first real time (video rate) Ca 2+ imaging was carried out in 1986 in cardiac cells using intensified video cameras. [3] Later development of the technique using laser scanning confocal microscopes revealed sub-cellular Ca 2+ signals in the form of Ca 2+ sparks and Ca 2+ blips.
Calcium formate is shown to be more readily absorbed form of calcium than calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. [7] No optic nerve damage has been observed with calcium formate supplementation – along with formaldehyde , formate is a major metabolic product of methanol , which can cause blindness upon ingestion.
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There are 3 major paralogs, SERCA1-3, which are expressed at various levels in different cell types.. ATP2A1 – SERCA1; ATP2A2 – SERCA2; ATP2A3 – SERCA3; There are additional post-translational isoforms of both SERCA2 and SERCA3, which serve to introduce the possibility of cell-type-specific Ca 2+-reuptake responses as well as increasing the overall complexity of the Ca 2+ signaling ...