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Superheated steam was widely used in main line steam locomotives. Saturated steam has three main disadvantages in a steam engine: it contains small droplets of water which have to be periodically drained from the cylinders; being precisely at the boiling point of water for the boiler pressure in use, it inevitably condenses to some extent in the steam pipes and cylinders outside the boiler ...
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, in some steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There are three types of superheaters: radiant, convection, and separately fired.
A high-pressure steam locomotive is a steam locomotive with a boiler that operates at pressures well above what would be considered normal for other locomotives. Most locomotives operate with a steam pressure of 200 to 300 psi (1.38 to 2.07 MPa). [1] In the later years of steam, boiler pressures were typically 200 to 250 psi (1.38 to 1.72 MPa).
It was then generally similar to the standard engines after they had been superheated, and it ran until 1947. [11] The last ten, Nos. 1452–61 built at Doncaster in 1910, had boilers producing superheated steam at 150 lbf/in 2 (1,000 kPa), and the cylinders were fed through piston valves. [12]
Some superheater-fitted engines did not perform as well as was expected, entirely due to a misunderstanding of the needs of a superheated engine [5] By the mid-1920s, designers understood that superheating, large fire-spaces and a good boiler capacity were the key to successful locomotives.
A superheated boiler on a steam locomotive. L.D. Porta gives the following equation determining the efficiency of a steam locomotive, applicable to steam engines of all kinds: power (kW) = steam Production (kg h −1)/Specific steam consumption (kg/kW h). A greater quantity of steam can be generated from a given quantity of water by ...
The Class 690 was designed just as the superheater technology was becoming available, allowing the FS to discard what had been a widespread feature on many Italian locomotives, the compound engine, deeming the advantages of the simpler single-expansion engine coupled with superheated steam to be superior.
German G7a(TI) torpedo at the Norwegian Armed Forces Museum in Oslo. The G7a(TI) was the standard issue Kriegsmarine torpedo introduced to service in 1934. It was a steam-powered design, using a wet heater engine burning decaline, with a range of 7,500 metres (24,600 ft) at 40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) speed.