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Methenamine was only used as a urinary antiseptic in cases of acidic urine, whereas boric acid was used to treat UTIs with alkaline urine. [47] The drug name methenamine , a contraction of the chemical or scientific name hexamethylenetetramine , was formally introduced and designated by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) by 1925 and replaced ...
The converse applies for alkaline drugs. This method is only of therapeutic significance where the drug is excreted in active form in urine and where the pH of urine can be adjusted to levels above or below the pK value of the active form of drug. For acidic drugs, urine pH should be above the pK value of that drug, and converse for the basic ...
Alkaline citrates are used to prevent recurrent calcium stone formation. [13] [14] [15] [5] This is one of the major types of kidney stones. [16] [17] The citrate salts can increase urine citrate, which binds with urine calcium, reduces supersaturation of calcium salts, and inhibits crystal formation. [18] [8] This helps prevent kidney stones ...
Alkalinizing agents are drugs used to manage disorders associated with low pH. For example, they may be used to treat acidosis due to kidney failure. Used for oral or parenteral therapy, sodium bicarbonate is the commonly preferred alkalinizing agent. [1] Others include potassium citrate, calcium carbonate, sodium lactate and calcium acetate. [2]
A urine pH of 8.5 or 9.0 is indicative of a urea-splitting organism, such as Proteus, Klebsiella, or Ureaplasma urealyticum; therefore, an asymptomatic patient with a high pH means UTI regardless of the other urine test results. Alkaline pH also can signify struvite kidney stones, which are also known as "infection stones". [6]
Treatment is focused on preventing deposition of uric acid within the urinary system by increasing urine volume with potent diuretics such as furosemide. Raising the urinary pH to a level higher than 7 (alkalinization) is often difficult to attain, although sodium bicarbonate and/or acetazolamide are sometimes used in an attempt to increase ...
The diagnosis of dRTA can be made by the observation of a relatively alkaline urinary pH of greater than 5.3 in the face of a systemic acidemia (usually taken to be a serum bicarbonate of 20 mmol/L or less). In the case of an incomplete dRTA, failure to acidify the urine following an oral acid loading challenge is often used as a test.
Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth, and is excreted in the urine. [4] Since it is an alkaline salt, it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination when these are caused by highly acidic urine. [5] It is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating diuretic.