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An additional 130 artifacts were found on the surface. In one instance, Harmand's team was able to match a flake to its core, suggesting a hominin had made and discarded the tool at the site. [2] The tools were generally quite large – larger than the oldest known stone tools, recovered in the Gona area of the Afar Region of Ethiopia, in 1992
Swartkrans or Swartkranz is a fossil-bearing cave designated as a South African National Heritage Site, located about 32 km (20 mi) from Johannesburg. [1] It is located in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site and is notable for being extremely rich in archaeological material, particularly hominin remains. [2]
The Kalambo structure is a Lower Palaeolithic wooden structure, of which two pieces have been uncovered along with other wooden tools. Discovered at the site of Kalambo Falls, Zambia, it is currently the oldest known wooden structure, [1] determined through luminescence dating to be at least 476,000 years old [1] and predating Homo sapiens.
The dating of artifacts (bone fragments) found at the lowest level to +40,000 BP, makes that the microliths found at this level at Matupi Cave rank among the oldest in Africa (and beyond) for a Late Stone Age site.
The Sudwala Caves in Mpumalanga, South Africa, are set in Precambrian dolomite rock, which was first laid down about 2800 million years ago. The caves themselves formed about 240 million years ago. They are one of the oldest caves in the world. [1]
Olduvai Gorge, where some of the earliest hominins are believed to have evolved.. Africa has the longest record of human habitation in the world. The first hominins emerged 6–7 million years ago, and among the earliest anatomically modern human skulls found so far were discovered at Omo Kibish, [1] Jebel Irhoud, and Florisbad.
Djenné-Djenno (also Jenne-Jeno; / ˈ dʒ ɛ n iː dʒ ʌ ˌ n oʊ /) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Niger River Valley in the country of Mali.Literally translated to "ancient Djenné", it is the original site of both Djenné and Mali and is considered to be among the oldest urbanized centers and the best-known archaeological sites in West Africa.
Affad 23 is an archaeological site located in the Affad region of southern Dongola Reach in northern Sudan, [47] which hosts "the well-preserved remains of prehistoric camps (relics of the oldest open-air hut in the world) and diverse hunting and gathering loci some 50,000 years old".