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  2. Aluminium chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_chloride

    It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H 2 O) 6]Cl 3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour. The anhydrous form is commercially important. It has a low melting and boiling point.

  3. Dissociation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(chemistry)

    The dissociation of salts by solvation in a solution, such as water, means the separation of the anions and cations. The salt can be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. An electrolyte refers to a substance that contains free ions and can be used as an electrically conductive medium.

  4. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    Acid dissociation constants are also essential in aquatic chemistry and chemical oceanography, where the acidity of water plays a fundamental role. In living organisms, acid–base homeostasis and enzyme kinetics are dependent on the p K a values of the many acids and bases present in the cell and in the body.

  5. List of water-miscible solvents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_water-miscible...

    The following compounds are liquid at room temperature and are completely miscible with water; they are often used as solvents. Many of them are hygroscopic . Organic compounds

  6. Acid strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_strength

    The solvent (e.g. water) is omitted from this expression when its concentration is effectively unchanged by the process of acid dissociation. The strength of a weak acid can be quantified in terms of a dissociation constant , K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} , defined as follows, where [ X ] {\displaystyle {\ce {[X]}}} signifies the concentration of a ...

  7. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    Since self-ionization of water holds the product of these concentration [H +] × [OH −] = K w, it can be seen that at neutrality [H +] = [OH −] = √ K w, or pH = pK w /2. pK w is approximately 14 but depends on ionic strength and temperature, and so the pH of neutrality does also. Pure water and a solution of NaCl in pure water are both ...

  8. Buffer solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution

    A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...

  9. Neutralization (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)

    A weak acid HA is one that does not dissociate fully when it is dissolved in water. Instead an equilibrium mixture is formed: HA + H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O + + A −. Acetic acid is an example of a weak acid. The pH of the neutralized solution resulting from HA + OH − → H 2 O + A −