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Michael Petach (December 30, 1959 – June 25, 2024) was an American engineer who made contributions in the fields of cryogenics and thermoacoustics in developing systems for space applications. He worked as an engineer for Northrop Grumman. His notable work revolved around developing cryocoolers and the traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric ...
FGS/NIRISS ETU, 2016 FGS Test unit undergoes cryogenic testing, 2012 Infographic of JWST instruments and their observation ranges of light by wavelength. Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS) is an instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that combines a Fine Guidance Sensor and a science instrument, a near-infrared imager and a ...
To allow mid-infrared observations within the JWST, the MIRI instrument has an additional cooling system. It works roughly similar to how most refrigerators or an air-conditioner works: a fluid is brought down to a cold temperature in the warm section, and sent back to the cold section where it absorbs heat, then it goes back to the condenser.
Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...
A cryostat (from cryo meaning cold and stat meaning stable) is a device used to maintain low cryogenic temperatures of samples or devices mounted within the cryostat. Low temperatures may be maintained within a cryostat by using various refrigeration methods, most commonly using cryogenic fluid bath such as liquid helium. [1]
A cryogenic processor is a device engineered to reduce the temperature of an object to cryogenic levels, typically around −300°F (−184.44°C), at a moderate rate in order to prevent thermal shock to the components being treated. The inception of commercial cryogenic processors dates back to the late 1960s, pioneered by Ed Busch. [1]
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Pulse tube cryocoolers are used in niche industrial applications such as semiconductor fabrication and superconducting radio-frequency circuits. [1] They are also used in military applications such as for the cooling of infrared sensors. [2] In research, PTRs are often used as precoolers of dilution refrigerators.