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Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous to the unborn baby and may cause pre-term birth, birth defects such as cleft lip or cleft palate, or miscarriage. [93] [80] Tobacco is the most commonly used substance among pregnant women, at 25%. [87] [94] Nicotine crosses the placenta and accumulates within fetal tissues.
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
The metabolism of caffeine is reduced in pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, and the half-life of caffeine during pregnancy can be increased up to 15 hours (as compared to 2.5 to 4.5 hours in non-pregnant adults). [79] Evidence regarding the effects of caffeine on pregnancy and for breastfeeding are inconclusive. [26]
The FDA is also quick to remind us that there’s a “wide variation in both how sensitive people are to the effects of caffeine and how fast they metabolize it [break it down].” In other words ...
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Caffeine intoxication occurs when a person has dangerously high levels of caffeine in their system, and symptoms can include seizures and trouble breathing. Dark roasted and dangerous: Everything ...
Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss. [5] The available research favors the notion that the benefits of fish consumption during pregnancy outweigh the risks; however, the type of fish is important. [ 6 ]
Caffeine dependence can cause a host of physiological effects if caffeine consumption is not maintained. Commonly known caffeine withdrawal symptoms include headaches, fatigue, loss of focus, lack of motivation, mood swings, nausea, insomnia, dizziness, cardiac issues, hypertension, anxiety, and backache and joint pain; these can range in severity from mild to severe. [18]