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The term plasmid was coined in 1952 by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg to refer to "any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant." [11] [12] The term's early usage included any bacterial genetic material that exists extrachromosomally for at least part of its replication cycle, but because that description includes bacterial viruses, the notion of plasmid was refined over time ...
DNA evidence suggests that during the Last Glacial Maximum, a period between 25,000 and 19,000 years ago, large ice sheets over a kilometer thick covered much of Northern Europe, making the region uninhabitable to humans. It is believed that human populations retreated south to warmer regions near the Mediterranean.
DNMT1 is the proposed maintenance methyltransferase that is responsible for copying DNA methylation patterns to the daughter strands during DNA replication. Mouse models with both copies of DNMT1 deleted are embryonic lethal at approximately day 9, due to the requirement of DNMT1 activity for development in mammalian cells.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Research into the predominant human Y-DNA haplogroups of Central Asia and ... 5.9 2.9 L = 1.5 Derenko 2005 ...
Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade derives from the haplogroup JT , which also gave rise to haplogroup T . Within the field of medical genetics , certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy .
The genes in bacterial genomes are usually a single continuous stretch of DNA. Although several different types of introns do exist in bacteria, these are much rarer than in eukaryotes. [133] Bacteria, as asexual organisms, inherit an identical copy of the parent's genome and are clonal.
The table below shows the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic [dubious – discuss] and other notable groups from Europe.The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns give the percentage for each ...
The structure of the DNA base guanosine and the antiviral drug acyclovir. Antiviral drugs are often nucleoside analogues (fake DNA building-blocks), which viruses mistakenly incorporate into their genomes during replication. [170] The life-cycle of the virus is then halted because the newly synthesised DNA is inactive.