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Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity . [1] This can result in a sharp chest pain while breathing. [1] Occasionally the pain may be a constant dull ache. [5] Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, fever, or weight loss, depending on the underlying cause.
A pleural friction rub, or simply pleural rub, is an audible medical sign present in some patients with pleurisy and other conditions affecting the chest cavity. It is noted by listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope on the lungs.
Patients should, of course, be advised to return sooner if symptoms redevelop. Long-term sequelae of pleural empyema are rare but include bronchopleural fistula formation, recurrent empyema and pleural thickening, which may lead to functional lung impairment needing surgical decortication .
A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional ...
Pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), pneumococcus is a bacteria involved in pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, purulent pleurisy, bacterial meningitis, otitis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis. Image ...
Diagnosis [ edit ] The criteria for a complicated parapneumonic effusion include Gram stain–positive or culture-positive pleural fluid, pleural fluid pH <7.20, and pleural fluid LDH that is greater than three times the upper limit of normal of serum LDH. [ 2 ]
Pleural tumors may be benign (i.e. solitary fibrous tumor) or malignant in nature. Pleural mesothelioma is a type of malignant cancer associated with asbestos exposure. Under most other circumstances, pleural cancers are secondary malignancies associated with lung cancer due to its nearby location or as metastasis such as with breast cancer.
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