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  2. Political history of the Philippines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_history_of_the...

    The 19th century saw a significant social change, and the development of a distinct Filipino identity among the mestizo elite. Members of the educated Ilustrado class, influenced by liberal ideas, launched the Propaganda Movement.

  3. History of the Philippines (1565–1898) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines...

    The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.

  4. Ilustrado - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilustrado

    The Ilustrados (Spanish: [ilusˈtɾaðos], "erudite", [1] "learned" [2] or "enlightened ones" [3]) constituted the Filipino intelligentsia (educated class) during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. [4] [5] Elsewhere in New Spain (of which the Philippines were part), the term gente de razón carried a similar meaning.

  5. Philippine Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution

    The main influx of the revolutionary ideas came at the start of the 19th century when the Philippines was opened for world trade. In 1809, the first British firms were established in Manila , followed by a royal decree in 1834 which officially opened the city to world trade.

  6. Filipino nationalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_nationalism

    "The first manifestation of Philippine nationalism followed in the decades of the 1880s and the 1890s, with a reform or propaganda movement, conducted both in Spain and in the Philippines, for the purpose of "propagandizing" Philippine conditions in the hopes that desired changes in the social, political and economic life of the Filipinos would ...

  7. Propaganda Movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_Movement

    The Philippine Propaganda Movement encompassed the activities of a group based in Spain but coming from the Philippines, composed of Indios (indigenous peoples), Mestizos (mixed race), Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines, also known as "Filipinos" as that term had a different, less expansive meaning prior to the death of Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan) and Peninsulares (Spaniards born in ...

  8. Timeline of Philippine political history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine...

    The Ilustrados "enlightened ones" constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. Mostly based outside the Philippines, they helped mold the flame of a united Filipino nationalism and identity in the islands. Almost all previous insurgencies were tribal, provincial and regional in nature.

  9. History of the Philippines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines

    The history of the Philippines dates from the earliest hominin activity in the archipelago at least by 709,000 years ago. [1] Homo luzonensis, a species of archaic humans, was present on the island of Luzon [2] [3] at least by 134,000 years ago. [4] The earliest known anatomically modern human was from Tabon Caves in Palawan dating about 47,000 ...