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Succinic anhydride hydrolyzes readily to give succinic acid: (CH 2 CO) 2 O + H 2 O → (CH 2 CO 2 H) 2. With alcohols (ROH), a similar reaction occurs, delivering the monoester: (CH 2 CO) 2 O + ROH → RO 2 CCH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H. Succinic anhydride is used in acylations under Friedel-Crafts conditions, as illustrated by the industrial route to the ...
Names Preferred IUPAC name. Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione [1] Other names Succinimide Succinic acid imide. ... Succinic anhydride; N-Hydroxysuccinimide; N-Bromosuccinimide;
Succinic acid (/ s ə k ˈ s ɪ n ɪ k /) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH 2) 2 (CO 2 H) 2. [5] In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ...
Preferred IUPAC name. 1-Hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione. Other names ... It can be synthesized by heating succinic anhydride with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine ...
The patent describes the reaction of the alkenes with excess maleic anhydride at 200 °C in an autoclave. The excess alkene is removed by distillation in vacuo, the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride hydrolyzed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution and the disodium salt reacted with an acid to achieve an alkenebutanedioic acid.
If the acyl groups are different, then they are named in alphabetical order in the same way, with anhydride replacing acid and IUPAC name consists of three words. For example, CH 3 CO−O−OCCH 3 is called ethanoic anhydride and CH 3 CO−O−OCCH 2 CH 3 is called ethanoic propanoic anhydride.
Most imides are cyclic compounds derived from dicarboxylic acids, and their names reflect the parent acid. [2] Examples are succinimide, derived from succinic acid, and phthalimide, derived from phthalic acid. For imides derived from amines (as opposed to ammonia), the N-substituent is indicated by a prefix.
Maleic anhydride is a classic substrate for Diels-Alder reactions. [9] It was used for work in 1928, on the reaction between maleic anhydride and 1,3-butadiene, for which Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950. It is through this reaction that maleic anhydride is converted to many pesticides and pharmaceuticals.