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In contrast to the two above leadership styles, transformational leadership follows a different, more long-term oriented philosophy: Short-term, egotistic goals, are substituted by long-term, higher-ranked values and ideals. This paradigm change usually increases commitment, self-confidence, and employee satisfaction. [8]
In 1985, transformational leadership had become more defined and developed, and leaders known to use this style possessed the following traits: idealized influences, productive commitment, and inspirational motivation. Transformational leadership made transactional leadership more effective. [9]
He was the first to coin the term "transformational leadership", a concept further developed by James MacGregor Burns, and one of the key concepts in leadership research over the past 25 years. [1] In 1982 Downton was a panel member of the Institute of Behavioral Science (Theda Skocpol States and Social Revolutions). [2]
Three meta-analyses showed that transformational leadership correlated strongly with effectiveness. [113] [114] [115] The transformational leadership style and key behaviors were also shown to be more frequently used by women than men, indicating that women may have an effectiveness advantage. [3]
A leadership style is a leader's method of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. [1] Various authors have proposed identifying many different leadership styles as exhibited by leaders in the political, business or other fields.
The group led by James MacGregor Burns, a leadership scholar, presidential biographer, and Pulitzer Prize winner, contributed much, but admittedly did not attain that goal. [20] A 3-year exploratory sequential mixed methods study by Kenneth-Maxwell Nance provides support for Burn's earlier assertion, that leadership "is a moral undertaking" and ...
The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is a psychological inventory consisting of 36 items pertaining to leadership styles and 9 items pertaining to leadership outcomes. [1] The MLQ was constructed by Bruce J. Avolio and Bernard M. Bass with the goal to assess a full range of leadership styles.
Transformational leadership is loosely defined as a charismatic leadership style that rallies subordinates around a common goal with enthusiasm and support. Transactional leadership is characterized by a give-and-take relationship using rewards as an incentive. [11] [page needed]