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The Carboniferous (/ ˌ k ɑːr b ə ˈ n ɪ f ər ə s / KAR-bə-NIF-ər-əs) [6] is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.86 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 Ma.
The Late Carboniferous a Time of Great Coal Swamps, Paleomap project. World map from this time period. The Carboniferous – 354 to 290 Million Years Ago, University of California Museum of Paleontology. Information on stratigraphies, localities, tectonics, and life. The Pennsylvanian Epoch of the Carboniferous Period: 318 to 299 Mya, Paleos.com
This term is typically applied to "fossil forests" of upright fossil tree trunks and stumps that have been found worldwide, i.e. in the Eastern United States, Eastern Canada, England, France, Germany, and Australia, typically associated with coal-bearing strata. [3] Within Carboniferous coal-bearing strata, it is also very common to find what ...
Characteristic of the strata from this time are cyclothems: [1] alternating marine and non-marine strata indicative of changes in sea-level, probably due to cyclic glaciation in the Southern Hemisphere. In North America, the waters of the Absaroka sequence regressed (thinned) westward as the highlands to the east steadily eroded.
The essence of the method is mapping of strata based on identification of surfaces which are assumed to represent time lines (e.g. subaerial unconformities, maximum flooding surfaces), thereby placing stratigraphy in chronostratigraphic framework allowing understanding of the evolution of the Earth's surface in a particular region through time.
At the start of the Mississippian, in the Carboniferous, 340 million years ago, river and delta sediments covered over the shales, producing the Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone, Cuyahoga Formation and Logan Formation. The deposition of these units was briefly interrupted by a return to a stagnant marine environment, forming the Sunbury Shale.
The Scottish Coal Measures Group is a lithostratigraphic unit referring to the coal-bearing succession of rock strata which occur in Scotland during the Westphalian regional stage of the Carboniferous Period. It is the Scottish portion of the informal Coal Measures Group, which also includes the South Wales and Pennine coal measures.
The geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it.